Billy’s Part of Our Tradition
SANTA FE – The recent renewed interest in Billy the Kid has caused several readers to express their dismay about a violent criminal being the most recognizable New Mexican to the rest of the world.
We already have discussed some reasons why Billy’s legend has captured the imagination of many people around the world, and perhaps we’ll discuss it further. But today, let’s consider why it may be appropriate for New Mexico’s most famous person to be a man of violence.
From the time New Mexico became a territory in 1846, we began a tradition of violence that was noted all the way to the Potomac and became a major factor in denying our statehood for 66 years.
Just five months after United States occupation of New Mexico, our first governor lay dead as the result of a Taos uprising that also claimed the lives of other state and local officials. The revolt was quickly ended by a furious assault from government troops and a company of mountain men enlisted by Gov. Charles Bent’s business partner Ceran St. Vrain. The perpetrators were quickly tried and publicly executed.
New Mexico was the Western battleground of the Civil War, as Confederate troops fought their way up the Rio Grande until they were defeated near Glorietta in a battle sometimes termed “the Gettysburg of the West.”
Following the Civil War, Indian wars and range wars attracted the nation’s attention. The most notorious of the range wars between rival factions of merchants and ranchers in Lincoln County attracted gunslingers from throughout the Southwest. But it was one of our local boys, William Bonney, who garnered the most publicity.
The turmoil had the entire territory in disarray. Virtually all men wore guns. Murder cases almost always were dismissed with the verdict: “The deceased came to his death accidentally after having given due provocation.”
In 1878, President Rutherford Hayes declared Lincoln County in a state of insurrection. He dismissed Gov. Samuel Axtell and many public officials who were members of the scandalous Santa Fe Ring.
President Hates prevailed on Gen. Lew Wallace, a respected military officer to take over as governor and bring peace to Lincoln County. Three years later, Wallace left in disgust, saying his friend Gen. Sherman was correct when he suggested that we get into another war with Mexico and make it take back New Mexico.
The violence continued;. Sheriff Elfego Baca gained fame when he stood off 80 cowboys for 36 hours. Years later, a movie dramatized his exploits.
The Hillsboro trial of the ranchers accused of murdering prominent politician Albert Jennings Fountain in 1895 drew national publicity as a tent city sprang up that reportedly rivaled the hoopla surrounding the O.J. Simpson trial a century later.
No public official was safe as New Mexico gained the reputation of being the only place in America where assassination was an integral part of the political system.
When Teddy Roosevelt formed his Rough Riders for the Spanish American War, New Mexico was the logical place to recruit the hard-charging cowboys that made up over half his regiment.
Statehood in 1912 didn’t end our violent reputation. In 1916, Mexican rebel Pancho Villa put Columbus in the history books as the last place in the continental United States to be attacked by a foreign power.
In the 1950s, ranchers being chased off the White Sands Missile Range made national news when they took up arms to keep the feds off their property. In the ‘60s Reies Tijerina and his Alianza made headlines when they shot up the Rio Arriba County Courthouse over a land grant dispute.
In 1970, the New Mexico National Guard got carried away putting down an anti-Vietnam demonstration on the University of New Mexico campus and people were hurt. The 1980 prison riot was the bloodiest penal uprising the nation ever saw.
And in the ‘90s, Indian leaders threatened violent action if their casinos were closed and Hispanic activists hanged two environmentalists in effigy.
We already have discussed some reasons why Billy’s legend has captured the imagination of many people around the world, and perhaps we’ll discuss it further. But today, let’s consider why it may be appropriate for New Mexico’s most famous person to be a man of violence.
From the time New Mexico became a territory in 1846, we began a tradition of violence that was noted all the way to the Potomac and became a major factor in denying our statehood for 66 years.
Just five months after United States occupation of New Mexico, our first governor lay dead as the result of a Taos uprising that also claimed the lives of other state and local officials. The revolt was quickly ended by a furious assault from government troops and a company of mountain men enlisted by Gov. Charles Bent’s business partner Ceran St. Vrain. The perpetrators were quickly tried and publicly executed.
New Mexico was the Western battleground of the Civil War, as Confederate troops fought their way up the Rio Grande until they were defeated near Glorietta in a battle sometimes termed “the Gettysburg of the West.”
Following the Civil War, Indian wars and range wars attracted the nation’s attention. The most notorious of the range wars between rival factions of merchants and ranchers in Lincoln County attracted gunslingers from throughout the Southwest. But it was one of our local boys, William Bonney, who garnered the most publicity.
The turmoil had the entire territory in disarray. Virtually all men wore guns. Murder cases almost always were dismissed with the verdict: “The deceased came to his death accidentally after having given due provocation.”
In 1878, President Rutherford Hayes declared Lincoln County in a state of insurrection. He dismissed Gov. Samuel Axtell and many public officials who were members of the scandalous Santa Fe Ring.
President Hates prevailed on Gen. Lew Wallace, a respected military officer to take over as governor and bring peace to Lincoln County. Three years later, Wallace left in disgust, saying his friend Gen. Sherman was correct when he suggested that we get into another war with Mexico and make it take back New Mexico.
The violence continued;. Sheriff Elfego Baca gained fame when he stood off 80 cowboys for 36 hours. Years later, a movie dramatized his exploits.
The Hillsboro trial of the ranchers accused of murdering prominent politician Albert Jennings Fountain in 1895 drew national publicity as a tent city sprang up that reportedly rivaled the hoopla surrounding the O.J. Simpson trial a century later.
No public official was safe as New Mexico gained the reputation of being the only place in America where assassination was an integral part of the political system.
When Teddy Roosevelt formed his Rough Riders for the Spanish American War, New Mexico was the logical place to recruit the hard-charging cowboys that made up over half his regiment.
Statehood in 1912 didn’t end our violent reputation. In 1916, Mexican rebel Pancho Villa put Columbus in the history books as the last place in the continental United States to be attacked by a foreign power.
In the 1950s, ranchers being chased off the White Sands Missile Range made national news when they took up arms to keep the feds off their property. In the ‘60s Reies Tijerina and his Alianza made headlines when they shot up the Rio Arriba County Courthouse over a land grant dispute.
In 1970, the New Mexico National Guard got carried away putting down an anti-Vietnam demonstration on the University of New Mexico campus and people were hurt. The 1980 prison riot was the bloodiest penal uprising the nation ever saw.
And in the ‘90s, Indian leaders threatened violent action if their casinos were closed and Hispanic activists hanged two environmentalists in effigy.
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